Le d\u00e9but du mois d\u2019avril a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019annonce soudaine de droits de douane de 25 % sur les importations europ\u00e9ennes d\u2019acier, d\u2019aluminium et d\u2019automobiles, assortie d\u2019une surtaxe de 20 % sur une vaste gamme de produits agricoles et manufactur\u00e9s. Face \u00e0 la lev\u00e9e de boucliers \u00e0 Bruxelles, Washington a finalement suspendu ces mesures pour 90 jours, laissant une \u00e9troite fen\u00eatre de n\u00e9gociation.
C\u2019est dans ce contexte que Giorgia Meloni s\u2019est rendue aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 Washington. Avec pr\u00e8s de 40 milliards d\u2019euros d\u2019exc\u00e9dent commercial avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, l\u2019Italie figure parmi les pays les plus expos\u00e9s. Mais la dirigeante italienne n\u2019agit pas seulement pour Rome : en lien \u00e9troit avec la pr\u00e9sidente de la Commission europ\u00e9enne Ursula von der Leyen, elle entend porter un message commun europ\u00e9en. \u00c0 la Maison-Blanche, elle plaide pour une d\u00e9sescalade et la reprise d\u2019un dialogue \u00e9conomique structur\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si Meloni a \u00e9t\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re dirigeante europ\u00e9enne \u00e0 rencontrer Trump, ce n\u2019est pas un hasard. Les deux leaders partagent une proximit\u00e9 politique assum\u00e9e : conservatisme culturel, fermet\u00e9 migratoire, souverainisme affirm\u00e9. L\u2019Italienne ne cache pas son admiration pour l\u2019ascension politique du pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain, ni sa volont\u00e9 de repr\u00e9senter un courant europ\u00e9en capable de dialoguer avec Washington sans complexes.
Mais la convergence a ses limites. Sur l\u2019Ukraine, Giorgia Meloni a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 un soutien sans faille \u00e0 Kiev, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 Trump, lui, souffle le chaud et le froid, critiquant r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement l\u2019aide am\u00e9ricaine. Sur ce point, la dirigeante italienne a soulign\u00e9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de maintenir l\u2019unit\u00e9 euro-atlantique, tout en d\u00e9fendant la souverainet\u00e9 des \u00c9tats. Une position d\u2019\u00e9quilibre, qui cherche \u00e0 conjuguer convictions personnelles, int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux et devoirs europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La tourn\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine de Meloni, aussi strat\u00e9gique soit-elle, n\u2019est pas sans susciter des crispations \u00e0 Bruxelles. \u00c0 Paris et Berlin, on observe avec prudence cette prise d\u2019initiative. Certains redoutent une personnalisation excessive des relations UE\u2013USA, d\u2019autres saluent la tentative d\u2019ouverture dans un moment o\u00f9 le dialogue est fragile.
Giorgia Meloni joue donc gros : renforcer le r\u00f4le international de l\u2019Italie, appara\u00eetre comme une interlocutrice privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e de Washington, mais sans donner l\u2019image d\u2019un cavalier seul. Si elle parvient \u00e0 obtenir des concessions concr\u00e8tes sur les droits de douane ou \u00e0 rouvrir des canaux de n\u00e9gociation, elle pourrait conforter sa stature de leader europ\u00e9en. Dans le cas contraire, elle s\u2019exposerait \u00e0 des critiques sur son alignement id\u00e9ologique et \u00e0 une marginalisation diplomatique.
En ce jour de bras de fer diplomatique, Giorgia Meloni marche sur un fil tendu entre deux continents. Face \u00e0 un Trump impr\u00e9visible et une Europe vigilante, sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 incarner un point d\u2019\u00e9quilibre cr\u00e9dible pourrait non seulement red\u00e9finir le r\u00f4le international de l\u2019Italie, mais aussi fa\u00e7onner son avenir comme figure incontournable du conservatisme europ\u00e9en.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ce 17 avril, la cheffe du gouvernement italien Giorgia Meloni est devenue la premi\u00e8re dirigeante europ\u00e9enne \u00e0 \u00eatre re\u00e7ue officiellement 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17 avril, la cheffe du gouvernement italien Giorgia Meloni est devenue la premi\u00e8re dirigeante europ\u00e9enne \u00e0 \u00eatre re\u00e7ue officiellement 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