Le 9 janvier 2025, l’\u00e9lection du commandant en chef de l’arm\u00e9e, Joseph Aoun, \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence du Liban a suscit\u00e9 des r\u00e9actions internationales m\u00ealant f\u00e9licitations et espoirs de stabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Depuis la crise \u00e9conomique de 2019, le Liban est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 une paralysie politique exacerb\u00e9e par son syst\u00e8me confessionnel. Ce mod\u00e8le, initialement con\u00e7u pour assurer une repr\u00e9sentation \u00e9quitable des diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s religieuses, est aujourd’hui critiqu\u00e9 pour entraver la prise de d\u00e9cision et favoriser le client\u00e9lisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le syst\u00e8me politique libanais repose sur une r\u00e9partition des postes cl\u00e9s selon des crit\u00e8res religieux : la pr\u00e9sidence de la R\u00e9publique est r\u00e9serv\u00e9e \u00e0 un chr\u00e9tien maronite, le poste de Premier ministre \u00e0 un musulman sunnite, et la pr\u00e9sidence du Parlement \u00e0 un musulman chiite. Cette structure, h\u00e9rit\u00e9e du pacte national de 1943, visait \u00e0 garantir la coexistence entre les communaut\u00e9s. Cependant, elle est d\u00e9sormais per\u00e7ue comme un frein \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l’efficacit\u00e9 gouvernementale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les rivalit\u00e9s entre partis traditionnels, souvent align\u00e9es sur des lignes confessionnelles, ont conduit \u00e0 des blocages institutionnels r\u00e9currents. La formation des gouvernements et la mise en \u0153uvre de r\u00e9formes essentielles sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement retard\u00e9es, aggravant la crise \u00e9conomique et sociale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Depuis le soul\u00e8vement populaire d’octobre 2019, de nombreux Libanais r\u00e9clament la fin du confessionnalisme politique et l’instauration d’un \u00c9tat la\u00efc. Les \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives de mai 2022 ont vu l’\u00e9mergence de candidats ind\u00e9pendants issus de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, refl\u00e9tant une volont\u00e9 de changement. Cependant, malgr\u00e9 ces avanc\u00e9es, les forces traditionnelles ont conserv\u00e9 une influence significative, limitant la port\u00e9e des r\u00e9formes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les tentatives de r\u00e9forme se heurtent \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance des \u00e9lites politiques et religieuses, attach\u00e9es \u00e0 leurs privil\u00e8ges. La peur de l’inconnu et les tensions r\u00e9gionales compliquent davantage la transition vers un syst\u00e8me plus inclusif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L’\u00e9lection de Joseph Aoun \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence pourrait-elle d\u00e9bloquer la situation ? Certains observateurs esp\u00e8rent que son profil militaire et son image de figure consensuelle faciliteront la mise en place de r\u00e9formes. Cependant, sans une volont\u00e9 politique collective de d\u00e9passer les clivages confessionnels, les \u00e9lections risquent de perp\u00e9tuer le statu quo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La communaut\u00e9 internationale, tout en saluant cette \u00e9lection, insiste sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de r\u00e9formes structurelles pour sortir le Liban de l’impasse. La pression ext\u00e9rieure, combin\u00e9e \u00e0 une mobilisation continue de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, pourrait encourager une \u00e9volution vers un syst\u00e8me politique plus fonctionnel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
En conclusion, si les \u00e9lections repr\u00e9sentent une opportunit\u00e9 de changement, elles ne suffiront pas \u00e0 elles seules \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre la paralysie politique du Liban. Une refonte profonde du syst\u00e8me confessionnel, accompagn\u00e9e d’une volont\u00e9 collective de r\u00e9forme, est indispensable pour envisager une sortie durable de la crise.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Le 9 janvier 2025, l’\u00e9lection du commandant en chef de l’arm\u00e9e, Joseph Aoun, \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence du Liban a suscit\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":229,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actus"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Joseph-Aoun.webp",1800,1200,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Joseph-Aoun-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Joseph-Aoun-300x200.webp",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Joseph-Aoun-768x512.webp",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Joseph-Aoun-1024x683.webp",1024,683,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Joseph-Aoun-1536x1024.webp",1536,1024,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Joseph-Aoun.webp",1800,1200,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"axelmongin","author_link":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/author\/axelmongin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Le 9 janvier 2025, l’\u00e9lection du commandant en chef de l’arm\u00e9e, Joseph Aoun, \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence du Liban a suscit\u00e9 […]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=228"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":231,"href":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228\/revisions\/231"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/229"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}