Tout a commenc\u00e9 en 1970, lorsque Hafez al-Assad, p\u00e8re de Bachar, s’empare du pouvoir \u00e0 la faveur d\u2019un coup d\u2019\u00c9tat. Sous sa gouvernance, la Syrie devient un \u00c9tat centralis\u00e9, marqu\u00e9 par une r\u00e9pression brutale contre toute opposition. Pendant trois d\u00e9cennies, Hafez impose une stabilit\u00e9 fragile, \u00e0 coups de purges politiques et d\u2019une omnipr\u00e9sence des services de renseignement. \u00c0 sa mort en 2000, son fils Bachar, jeune ophtalmologue form\u00e9 \u00e0 Londres, lui succ\u00e8de dans un climat d’espoir de r\u00e9formes.
Mais cet espoir s\u2019est rapidement \u00e9vapor\u00e9. Loin de rompre avec le syst\u00e8me paternaliste, Bachar al-Assad a renforc\u00e9 l\u2019autoritarisme de son p\u00e8re, plongeant la Syrie dans une spirale de violence \u00e0 partir de 2011. La r\u00e9pression sanglante du soul\u00e8vement populaire, d\u00e9clench\u00e9 par les printemps arabes, a transform\u00e9 le pays en un champ de bataille.
La guerre civile syrienne, qui a oppos\u00e9 le r\u00e9gime aux groupes rebelles et djihadistes, a marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9clin progressif de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 d\u2019Assad. Soutenu militairement par l\u2019Iran et la Russie, il a maintenu son pouvoir contre toute attente, mais \u00e0 un co\u00fbt exorbitant : plus de 500 000 morts, des millions de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, et un pays en ruines.
La situation \u00e9conomique a \u00e9t\u00e9 le catalyseur des \u00e9v\u00e9nements r\u00e9cents. Sous le poids des sanctions internationales, d\u2019une corruption g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e et de la d\u00e9valuation de la livre syrienne, le r\u00e9gime a vu son soutien populaire s\u2019effriter. Les manifestations, autrefois \u00e9touff\u00e9es, ont resurgi dans des bastions historiques comme Deraa et Alep. En 2024, la d\u00e9fection de hauts responsables militaires et l\u2019\u00e9rosion des alliances strat\u00e9giques ont scell\u00e9 le sort du pr\u00e9sident.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La fuite de Bachar al-Assad, confirm\u00e9e par des m\u00e9dias internationaux, marque la fin d\u2019un r\u00e9gime dynastique. Mais l\u2019apr\u00e8s-Assad s\u2019annonce tout aussi complexe. Le vide politique laisse place \u00e0 des rivalit\u00e9s entre groupes d\u2019opposition, tandis que les puissances \u00e9trang\u00e8res, notamment la Russie, la Turquie et les \u00c9tats-Unis, cherchent \u00e0 peser sur la transition.
Pour la population syrienne, \u00e9puis\u00e9e par 13 ans de guerre, la chute du r\u00e9gime suscite des sentiments mitig\u00e9s. Si certains c\u00e9l\u00e8brent un tournant vers la d\u00e9mocratie, d’autres redoutent une nouvelle \u00e8re d\u2019instabilit\u00e9. Des experts mettent en garde contre le risque d\u2019un sc\u00e9nario \u00e0 la libyenne, o\u00f9 la chute de Kadhafi en 2011 a plong\u00e9 le pays dans un chaos durable.
La fin de la dynastie Assad rebat les cartes au Moyen-Orient. Les alli\u00e9s du r\u00e9gime, notamment l\u2019Iran et le Hezbollah libanais, perdent un appui strat\u00e9gique cl\u00e9. En revanche, les opposants historiques, comme l\u2019Arabie saoudite et Isra\u00ebl, y voient une opportunit\u00e9 de remodeler l\u2019\u00e9chiquier r\u00e9gional.
Cette chute interroge \u00e9galement sur l\u2019avenir des interventions \u00e9trang\u00e8res. La Russie, qui a lourdement investi pour maintenir Assad au pouvoir, pourrait reconsid\u00e9rer son r\u00f4le dans la r\u00e9gion. L\u2019Occident, lui, est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un dilemme : comment soutenir une transition d\u00e9mocratique sans reproduire les erreurs du pass\u00e9 ?
La chute de Bachar al-Assad met fin \u00e0 une dynastie qui a fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 le visage de la Syrie moderne. Mais elle ouvre aussi une p\u00e9riode d\u2019incertitudes et de d\u00e9fis immenses pour un pays en qu\u00eate de reconstruction. Alors que l\u2019histoire s\u2019\u00e9crit sous nos yeux, une question demeure : la Syrie parviendra-t-elle \u00e0 tourner la page du despotisme pour embrasser une nouvelle \u00e8re de paix et de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Depuis des d\u00e9cennies, la Syrie est synonyme d\u2019autoritarisme, d\u2019oppression et de conflits. Mais, en ce mois de d\u00e9cembre 2024, un […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":126,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actus"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0d7f4ff0b616111f8255bc96ab4e51d7cc9ec71d.jpg",1000,667,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0d7f4ff0b616111f8255bc96ab4e51d7cc9ec71d-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0d7f4ff0b616111f8255bc96ab4e51d7cc9ec71d-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0d7f4ff0b616111f8255bc96ab4e51d7cc9ec71d-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0d7f4ff0b616111f8255bc96ab4e51d7cc9ec71d.jpg",1000,667,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0d7f4ff0b616111f8255bc96ab4e51d7cc9ec71d.jpg",1000,667,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0d7f4ff0b616111f8255bc96ab4e51d7cc9ec71d.jpg",1000,667,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"axelmongin","author_link":"https:\/\/axelmonginjournal.fr\/index.php\/author\/axelmongin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Depuis des d\u00e9cennies, la Syrie est synonyme d\u2019autoritarisme, d\u2019oppression et de conflits. 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